Introduction

Acne is a common skin disease that affects 85-90% of people at some time during their lives. It affects the area of the skin with densest population of sebaceous follicles i.e. face, upper chest, upper back, arms. Acne is characterized by comedones, papules, pustules and nodules.

A comedone is a white head (closed comedone ) or a black head (open Comedone) without clinical sign of inflammation.

Papules and pustules are raised bumps with inflammation.

Nodulocystic acne is characterized by comedones, inflammatory lesions, large nodules greater than 5 mm in diameter. Scaring may be present. Cosmetic concerns of Acne are because of disfigurement they cause in active form and scars they leave behind particularly on the face.

Causes :

Genetic factors

Drugs like lithium, anti-epileptics, steroids, iodides etc.

Certain cosmetic agents e.g. Hair pomades can worsen acne.

Endocrine disorders such as CAH (cong. adrenal hyperplasia), PCOD leading to increased androgen secretion.

Hormones – androgen

Premenstrual exaggeration in female

Stress

Dandruff

Complications

Hyperpigmentation, acne scars or pitts, keloid scars are seen in some patients.

Acne Treatment :

Self care at home-

Wash the face twice to thrice a day with soap or a mild cleanser to remove dust and excess oil from the skin.

Avoid picking at the acne /scrubbing hard which causes more inflammation & damage.

Some cosmetics & skin care products increase acne so use make up, cosmetics labeled with the word "non-comedogenic" which means it does not cause or increase in acne.

Care of dandruff with proper shampoo